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REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

INSTITUTE OF HISTORY

ARMENIA IN DOCUMENTS

OF THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE

1917-1920

Compiled and translated by

GAYANE MAKHMOURIAN

Arch. Mesrob Ashjian Մեսրոպ Արք. Աշճեան

Book Series Մատենաշար

208 208

YEREVAN

2020

ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆԻ ՀԱՆՐԱՊԵՏՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ

ԳԻՏՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐԻ ԱԶԳԱՅԻՆ ԱԿԱԴԵՄԻԱ

ՊԱՏՄՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԻՆՍՏԻՏՈՒՏ

ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆԸ

ԱՄՆ ՊԵՏԱԿԱՆ ԴԵՊԱՐՏԱՄԵՆՏԻ

1917-1920 թթ. ՓԱՍՏԱԹՂԹԵՐՈՒՄ

Ժողովածուի կազմող և թարգմանիչ

ԳԱՅԱՆԵ ՄԱԽՄՈՒՐՅԱՆ

ԵՐԵՎԱՆ

2020

АРМЕНИЯ

В ДОКУМЕНТАХ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО

ДЕПАРТАМЕНТА США 1917-1920 гг.

Составитель сборника и перевод

ГАЯНЭ МАХМУРЯН

ЕРЕВАН

2020

UDC 930.2

Published in accordance with the decision, delivered by the

Scientific Council of the Institute of History,

National Academy of Sciences of Armenia

Compilation of collection and translation by

Doct. of Sc. in Hist. Gayane Makhmourian

Editor PhD in Hist. V. R. Aglyan

First edition of this collection had been published in 2011 in Russian by the Institute of History, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia.

Armenia in Documents of the U. S. Department of State, 1917-1920. /Compiled and transl. by Gaane G. Makhmourian. Ed. V. R. Aglyan.- Yerevan: Institute of History, NAS of Armenia; 2020.- 560 pages.

This book with with documents and materials from the U.S. Department of State, stored at the National Archives of Armenia, recounts the process of shaping of the U.S. policy course, accompanied with generation of relief and assistance, afforded to Armenian people in overcoming its extremely grave conditions and terrible plight of the Republic of Armenia in 1918-1920. The book gives an account of the top-level negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, concerning the future of Armenians and their State; as well as represents the trip counsel by J. Harbord's Military Mission; and also the activities of Armenian Government, aimed at cooperation with American Administration.

Our readers will acquaint themselves with exchange of letters between Executives of the Republic of Armenia and President of the USA W. Wilson or President to-be H. Hoover; they will find out practically all that covers Armenia and its problems at parley, conducted in Paris.

This volume may attract both students and specialists in Humanities, as well as all those, who are interested in Armenian History and in realm of foreign relations.

УДК 941 (479.25)

ББК 63.3 (2Ар)

ISBN 978-9939-860-99-2

//-4

Introduction

This collection of archival materials presents to you, my gentle reader, the U.S. Department of State's correspondence of 1917-1920. It reports on conditions in the Republic of Armenia and Western Armenia, throws light upon manifold aspects of their life activity. Selected documents had been published in part in the official "Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States. 1918 Russia," in 3 vols., vol. I-II; further, "1918. The World War," of the same series, in 2 vols., vol. I; following 1919, in 2 volumes, vol. II; "1919. The Paris Peace Conference," in 12 volumes, vol. 1-3, 5-12; in the book of the same line, 1920, in 3 volumes, vol. III. Broad extent of data had been picked up from the collections of microfilm rolls № 36-38, 46, 49 of the National Archives of Armenia in Yerevan, Т1192 "Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Armenia, 1910-1929," Washington, 1975; as also from the collections of microfilm rolls № 35: Т1193 "Records of the Department of State relating to Political Relations Between Armenia and Other States, 1910-1929," Washington, 1975; № 2 and 4: М820 "General Records of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace, 1918-1931, American Delegation, Field Mission of the American Delegation, Harbord Military Mission to Armenia," Washington, 1970. All this corpus was delivered from the U.S. National Archives; and next to them we broadly used funds 200 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia, together with fund 275 Diplomatic missions of the First Republic of Armenia.

The first block of documents had been scattered in volumes of the U.S. Government Printing Office, in books which had been kept at special custodies and virtually had not been intensively handled by Soviet Armenian scholars. During last twenty years I had been probably the only one expert who profited from the new juncture of affairs, introduced this material to public and researched it. Meantime, letters and memoranda, composed by employees of the State Department, contain a lot of interesting information on socio-economic situatin and political course in the republic of Armenia, on Armenian-Azerbaijani relations, on plight of the refugees and obstacles, that hampered in relief operations. Appraisals, made by American diplomats, as well as peculiarities //-5 of the U.S. regional policy, of their relationship with Russia, England and France, deserve the reader's consideration.

The second block of documents is stored on microfilm rolls, and only 30 to 40 per cent of them has been studied by now. We made a selection from this great heap, concentrated within the collection М820, a number of papers compiled by J. Harbord's mission in September - October of 1919. One of such items, cited in scientific writings in short, has a title of the final "Report of the American Military Mission to Armenia" for the U.S. Congress. It had been published in many works, let us bring as an example a piece of this report in monograph "Foreign Relations of the Republic of Armenia 1918-1920" by R. Hovannisian, which had been translated into Russian by myself. Meanwhile, the Mission worked its way from Adana to Mardin, Kharberd, Diarbekir, Sebastia, Erzerum, Kars and Yerevan, they gathered 53 volumes of documents. At every point of their stopover Officers met with local people and captured written evidences. During such interviews they talked not only to Armenians, including authorities of the Republic of Armenia and its Army, but equally to American missionaries, who spent decades as permanent residents in Western Armenia and were very much aware of actual situation.

We involved in this collection the very first report by J. Harbord for the Secretary of State, composed on shipboard, and supplemented it with a number of records, made by the members of his Mission. Total amount of papers, selected for this book, depends on extent of research and on degree, to which microfilm rolls were mastered. By now this kind of materials covers some one hundred pages.

The third, rather compressed block, holds letters by incumbent U.S. President W. Wilson and the Secretary of State Robert Lansing, as well as a number of letters by H. Hoover, the U.S. President to-be, and Head of international relief service, founded at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. The letter by W. Wilson in English and correspondence by H. Hoover, translated into Russian in the same 1919, are kept at funds 200 and 275. They refer to management of aid, provided to the Republic of Armenia and certainly should have been included in this book. The very same consideration applies to the number of appeals addressed to the President W. Wilson from Yerevan or from A. Aharonian; to the agreement on relief, signed on April 8, 1919, in Paris, by H. Hoo-//-6 ver on the one side, and by Boghos Nubar with A. Aharonian on the other; as well as to the limited number of other documents.

It's quite natural that the bulk of selected papers is in English. However, some documents were executed in Russian and French; therefore, they were translated for our collection. Besides, to be precise with letters by H. Hoover, we addressed the U.S. National Archives in Washington and made an attempt to trace them in American repositaries. By now our colleagues did not achieved success, and so paraphrases, included in this volume and made on the basis of Yerevan kept messages, are the only ones of their kind. It should be noted that Yerevan-based archival material gave an ample opportunity for comprehension of time and social environment, for assimilation of numerous facts and their due selection.

In this regard I consider to be my duty to make specially mention that my efficient work at the National Atchives of Armenia has always been conditional on high professional skills of its staff, on people, whonot solely keep, but excellently know their funds, who are aware of the materials and are a good hand at help to scholars. In rather hard labour conditions they keep, process, publish and augment the data base, promoting new and advanced studies in Modern and Contemporary History of our nation.

Editor of this collection in English, PhD in Hist. V. Aglyan should be praised in the same way, together with my associates at the Institute of History. Their valuable observations, already published monographs and articles considerably improved characteristics of my research, submitted currently to the reader.

As far as an important bulk of the book has been made up of material, picked up from volumes of American Government Printing Office, it's impossible to bypass in silence those splendid, full of special content hours that Fundamental Library of the Armenian National Academy of Sciences awarded to me. Scientist in general, and a Historian in particular, will not proceed successfully without professional writings, rich in content, without reading halls and people, who ensure their activities. There is our first and possibly our main working room among the bookshelves.

All documents of the book, in toto, including extracts from proceedings of the Paris Peace Conference, throw light upon economic and political questions, on Armenian-Azerbaijani clashes for Zangezur, Karabakh and Nakhijevan, upon refugees and //-7 repatriation issues, on feasibility of Ameriacn Mandate for the Republic of Armenia, 1918-1920, and Western Armenia. The material itself is surely interesting and will be helpful to scholars, lecturers, teachers, students and to all those who practice politics, as well as to the general reader.

Incorporated archival sources:

Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States. 1918 Russia. In 3 vols. Vol.I-II. Wash., US GPO, 1931-1932

Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States. 1918 Supplement 1 The World War. In 2 vols. Vol.I. Wash., US GPO, 1933

Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States. 1919. In 2 vols. Vol.II. Wash., US GPO, 1934

Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States. 1919. The Paris Peace Conference. In 12 vols. Vol.I-III, V-XII. Wash., US GPO, 1942-1947

Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States. 1920. In 3 vols. Vol.III. Wash., US GPO, 1936.

Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Armenia, 1910-1929. Microfilm publications, Wash., the National Archives Records Service, General Services Administration, 1975; microfilm rolls T1192, Roll 1; the National Archives of Armenia, collection of microfilm rolls № 49 (following: NAA, MR)

Roll 2, NAA, MR № 38

Roll 3, NAA, MR № 37

Roll 6, NAA, MR № 46

Roll 7, NAA, MR № 36.

Records of the Department of State Relating to Political Relations Between Armenia and Other States, 1910-1929. Microfilm publications, Wash., the National Archives Records Service, General Services Administration, 1975; microfilm rolls T1193, Roll 2, NAA, MR № 35.

General Records of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace, 1918-1931, American Delegation, Field Mission of the American Delegation, Harbord Military Mission to Armenia. Microfilm publications, Wash., the National Archives Records Service, General Services Administration, 1970; microfilm rolls M820,

Roll 230, vol.204, NAA, MR № 2

Roll 232, NAA, MR, № 4. //-8

DOCUMENTS

№ 1 Supplementary report of the special diplomatic mission to Russia E.Root - for the Secretary of State R.Lansing Plans for American Cooperation to Preserve and Strengthen the Morale of the Civil Population and the Army of Russia

Washington, August 1917

Secretary R.Lansing's personal file: Russia-American diplomatic mission; in: Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States. 1918 Russia. In 3 vols, vol.I. Wash., US GPO, 1931, p.147-153 (following: 1918 Russia).

"Germany has been and and is waging an able propaganda in Russia to weaken and destroy the fighting spirit of the people. We found evidences that that this effort is generously financed, that it is conducted on a large scale, and that it has been most effective. It can be counteracted and overcome only by means of an adequate campaign of education. ... //-9

Contents

Introduction..............................................	5
Documents…….……..............................	9
Names Index............................................	428
Bibliography….….…....…......................	500
Names Index Per Page.............................	507
Place Names Index..................................	518
List of Documents...................................	531

//-559

ARMENIA IN DOCUMENTS

OF THE U. S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE

1917-1920

Compiled and translated by

Gayane George Makhmourian

ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆԸ

ԱՄՆ ՊԵՏԱԿԱՆ ԴԵՊԱՐՏԱՄԵՆՏԻ

1917-1920 թթ. ՓԱՍՏԱԹՂԹԵՐՈՒՄ

Ժողովածուի կազմող և թարգմանիչ

Գայանե Գեորգիի Մախմուրյան

АРМЕНИЯ

В ДОКУМЕНТАХ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО

ДЕПАРТАМЕНТА США 1917-1920 гг.

Составитель сборника и переводчик

Гаянэ Георгиевна Махмурян

The author's e-mail: ggmakhm@hotmail.com &

history@sci.am

http://gmakhmourian.research.sci.am

Cover designer Margarita Simonyan

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