Summary
Key words: communist ideology, Perestroika, publicity, RSFSR, M.Gorbachev, B.Eltsin, democracy.
Here are the causes of the USSR collapse: the first reason was low efficiency of economy, though its military production was quite competitive. The latter urged military conflicts, inflicting harm on official ideology. The country needed capitalism in the sphere of production but socialism when the budget was being distributed. The second reason was that the Party-ideological leadership of the State had run out in 1970–1980s: in the capitalist system the State operates by financial and legislative means. Besides, privatization of raw materials and large enterprises as a main incentive to dissolve the USSR devalued idea of planning, since tycoons do not need the State control, at all. The third reason consisted in the fact that the independence of the RSFSR was urged by inactivity of the USSR: the latter neglected all national problems and disregarded legality (the long-time blockade of Armenia–Artsakh, or during the operation, called “the Ring”).
The fourth was that the system-wide crisis required large-scale but soft measures, because simultaneous solution of all problems created excessive hardships and widespread destitution of population. The Western specialists confirm that disintegration of the Soviet common market, rupture of the intra-union cooperation and dissolution of the USSR were neither inevitable, nor necessary. //-116